Condicional de tipo 3
450 ejercicios de huecos, 45 tests de diez
Had más la tercera forma detrás de if, would have más la tercera forma en el resultado. Para lo que no pasó.
Practica esta forma
Cargando…
Preparando tu primera pregunta.
La estructura
Dos formas perfectas, una en cada lado:
If they had caught the train, they wouldn’t have been late.
Las dos mitades describen algo que no pasó. No cogieron ningún tren y llegaron tarde.
Para qué sirve de verdad
Lamento, reproche y explicación a posteriori:
- If I had listened to you, this wouldn’t have happened. — lamento
- If you had checked the figures, we would have spotted it. — reproche
- If the alarm had worked, they would have woken up. — explicación
could have y might have
Sustituye would have para rebajar la afirmación:
- We could have caught it. — era posible
- She might have agreed. — quizá habría aceptado
Inversión sin if
En escritura formal se puede quitar if y poner had delante:
If I had known… → Had I known…
El significado es idéntico. Esto aparece en inglés escrito y en exámenes.
wish y if only
Las dos llevan la misma forma que la mitad con if de la condicional de tipo 3:
I wish I had said nothing. If only we had left earlier.
Dónde se tuerce para un hispanohablante
«Si hubiera estudiado, habría aprobado» se corresponde pieza por pieza con If she had studied, she would have passed: pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo ↔ had más participio, condicional compuesto ↔ would have más participio.
El error grande es el que ya existe en español: quien dice «si habría estudiado» en lugar de «si hubiera estudiado» dirá If I would have studied. En inglés eso está mal en todas las variantes, sin excepción.
Y el participio irregular: had gone, no had went.
Todas las formas
| Oración con if | Oración principal | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| had + tercera forma | would have + tercera forma | If I had known, I would have called. |
| had + tercera forma | could have, might have | If we had left earlier, we could have caught it. |
| hadn't + tercera forma | wouldn't have + tercera forma | If it hadn't rained, we wouldn't have stayed in. |
Ejemplos
Tomados de las 450 frases de este ejercicio. La respuesta va resaltada.
- If I had studied harder, I would have gotten a better grade.
- If the baker had come at five, the bread would have been warm.
- If she had studied, she would have passed the test.
- If they had studied harder, they would have passed the exam.
- If they had gone to Italy, they would have learned Italian.
- If he had won the lottery, he would have bought a new house.
- If he had followed the instructions, the shelf would have been straight.
- She would have avoided the traffic if she had left the house at seven.
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
- If we had printed a larger map, we wouldn't have missed the turning.
- If they had arrived on time, they wouldn't have missed the beginning.
- If they had caught the train, they wouldn't have been late.
Errores que evitar
Incorrecto: If I would have known, I would have called. correcto: If I had known, I would have called.
La oración con if lleva had, nunca would have.
Incorrecto: If she had studied, she would passed. correcto: If she had studied, she would have passed.
El resultado necesita would have más la tercera forma.
Incorrecto: If I had went there, I would have seen it. correcto: If I had gone there, I would have seen it.
Detrás de had va la tercera forma. Went es el pasado.