Gramática › Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect: frases negativas
520 ejercicios de huecos, 52 tests de diez
Pon not detrás de had. La tercera forma no cambia.
Practica esta forma
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La estructura
Not va justo detrás de had, y casi siempre se contrae en hadn’t:
He had not arrived. → He hadn’t arrived.
Explicar qué salió mal
El past perfect negativo da muy a menudo el motivo de un problema pasado:
- We couldn’t get in because I hadn’t brought the key.
- She failed the test — she hadn’t revised.
La oración principal va en past simple; la explicación da el paso atrás.
never, not yet
Las dos encajan, y never sustituye a not en lugar de juntarse con él:
- I had never eaten oysters before that evening.
- The parcel hadn’t arrived yet when I left.
Con wish y if only
Un lamento sobre el pasado usa el past perfect, y el negativo es frecuente:
I wish I hadn’t said that. If only we hadn’t missed the train.
Dónde se tuerce para un hispanohablante
La doble negación es el fallo propio del español aquí: «no había estado nunca allí» lleva dos negaciones en español y solo una en inglés — I had never been there, no I hadn’t never been there.
Y los lamentos se construyen más fácil de lo que parece: «ojalá no hubiera dicho eso» es I wish I hadn’t said that, con la misma forma que cualquier otro negativo de este tiempo. No hace falta ningún subjuntivo.
Todas las formas
| Sujeto | Forma completa | Forma corta |
|---|---|---|
| todos los sujetos | had not seen | hadn't seen |
Ejemplos
Tomados de las 520 frases de este ejercicio. La respuesta va resaltada.
- The car hadn't made a strange noise before it broke down.
- They hadn't read the instructions before they started assembling the furniture.
- They hadn't finished the game before it started raining.
- I hadn't known the party until I saw the invitation.
- She hadn't traveled to other countries before she moved to this city.
- She hadn't completed her project before the deadline expired.
- The book hadn't received a good rating, so I decided not to read it.
- She hadn't seen her parents for a while before that visit.
- Sarah hadn't had any previous experience in painting when she joined the class.
- We hadn't heard about that important event until recently.
- He hadn't eaten his lunch before he learned about the meeting.
- She hadn't left her violin at home before the music concert.
Errores que evitar
Incorrecto: She didn't had finished. correcto: She hadn't finished.
El tiempo forma su propio negativo. Did no aparece nunca con had.
Incorrecto: I hadn't never been there. correcto: I had never been there.
Never ya es negativo. Dos negaciones se anulan.