Gramática › Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present perfect continuous: frases afirmativas
450 ejercicios de huecos, 45 tests de diez
Tres piezas en orden fijo: have o has, después been, después la forma en -ing.
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La estructura
Lo único que cambia con el sujeto es have o has. Been y la forma en -ing son iguales para todos:
I have been waiting. She has been waiting. They have been waiting.
Al hablar el auxiliar se contrae: I’ve been, she’s been, they’ve been.
La duración suele ir al final
Como el tiempo trata de la duración, casi todas las frases acaban con el periodo:
We have been living here for three years. It has been raining since lunchtime.
Sin duración, la frase suele dar a entender un resultado visible: You*’ve been running***, dicho a alguien sin aliento.
all day, all week, lately
Encajan de forma natural y refuerzan la idea de un tramo de tiempo:
She has been complaining all week. Prices have been rising lately.
El patrón de la explicación
Un uso muy frecuente pone el estado presente delante y la causa detrás:
I’m covered in paint. I*’ve been decorating** the hall.*
Las dos mitades importan: la primera es ahora, la segunda dice qué lo produjo.
Dónde se tuerce para un hispanohablante
«Llevamos tres años viviendo aquí» tiene el gerundio al final y el verbo «llevar» delante; el inglés lo invierte: We have been living here for three years. Traducir «llevar» por to carry o to take no funciona en ninguna de estas frases.
Y el been se olvida: He has working all day no existe. Las tres piezas van siempre juntas.
Todas las formas
| Sujeto | Forma completa | Forma corta |
|---|---|---|
| I, you, we, they | have been working | I've been working |
| he, she, it | has been working | she's been working |
Ejemplos
Tomados de las 450 frases de este ejercicio. La respuesta va resaltada.
- I have been playing this instrument since I was young.
- The parents have been waiting for their child at the amusement park.
- They have been traveling around Europe for months.
- They have been working on this project since last week.
- The students have been studying in the classroom since the morning.
- Laura has been working at this company for five years.
- Martha has been cooking dinner since afternoon.
- She has been waiting for her friends at the coffee shop.
- Mary and John have been watching a movie since yesterday.
- She has been studying to become a doctor for five years.
- The pianist has been practicing the same piece all evening.
- The clerk and I have been reading the form for ten minutes.
Errores que evitar
Incorrecto: He has been work all day. correcto: He has been working all day.
Been solo no basta: el verbo principal necesita -ing.
Incorrecto: They has been waiting. correcto: They have been waiting.
They es plural, así que have.