Exercícios de gramática › Conditionals

Condicional de terceiro tipo

450 exercícios de lacuna, 45 testes de dez

Had mais o particípio passado depois de if, would have mais o particípio passado no resultado. Para o que não aconteceu.

O padrão

Duas formas perfeitas, uma de cada lado:

If they had caught the train, they wouldn’t have been late.

As duas metades descrevem algo que não aconteceu. Eles não pegaram trem nenhum e chegaram atrasados.

A correspondência portuguesa é direta: «se eles tivessem pegado o trem, não teriam chegado atrasados». «Tivessem pegado» ↔ had caught, «teriam chegado» ↔ would have been.

Para que ele serve de fato

Arrependimento, culpa e explicação depois do fato:

• If I had listened to you, this wouldn’t have happened. — arrependimento
• If you had checked the figures, we would have spotted it. — culpa
• If the alarm had worked, they would have woken up. — explicação

could have e might have

Substitua would have para suavizar a afirmação:

• We could have caught it. — era possível
• She might have agreed. — talvez concordasse

Inversão sem if

Na escrita formal, if pode cair e had ir para a frente:

If I had known… → Had I known…

O sentido é idêntico. Isso aparece no inglês escrito e em provas.

wish e if only

Os dois levam a mesma forma da oração com if do terceiro tipo:

I wish I had said nothing. If only we had left earlier.

O português usa «quem me dera que eu não tivesse dito nada» e «se ao menos tivéssemos saído mais cedo» — mesma estrutura.

Todas as formas

Exemplos

Tirados das 450 frases deste exercício. A resposta está destacada.

• If I had studied harder, I would have gotten a better grade.
• If the baker had come at five, the bread would have been warm.
• If she had studied, she would have passed the test.
• If they had studied harder, they would have passed the exam.
• If they had gone to Italy, they would have learned Italian.
• If he had won the lottery, he would have bought a new house.
• If he had followed the instructions, the shelf would have been straight.
• She would have avoided the traffic if she had left the house at seven.
• If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• If we had printed a larger map, we wouldn't have missed the turning.
• If they had arrived on time, they wouldn't have missed the beginning.
• If they had caught the train, they wouldn't have been late.

Erros a evitar

Escolhas rápidas desta forma

Outras formas de Conditionals