Exercícios de gramática › Reported Speech
Discurso indireto: mudando o tempo verbal
450 exercícios de lacuna, 45 testes de dez
Depois de um verbo de relato no passado, cada tempo verbal recua um lugar.
Treine esta forma
Carregando…
Sua primeira pergunta está vindo.
Um passo atrás, sempre
Todo o sistema é um único movimento. Cada tempo verbal recua um lugar, e os que já estão no ponto mais atrás a que o inglês chega ficam onde estão.
“I live in Oslo.” → She said she lived in Oslo. “I lived in Oslo.” → She said she had lived in Oslo. “I had lived in Oslo.” → She said she had lived in Oslo. — não há mais para onde ir.
Os modais
Quatro se deslocam e quatro não:
- se deslocam: will → would, can → could, may → might, must → had to
- não se deslocam: would, could, should, might, ought to
O segundo grupo já fez o movimento, e é por isso que eles parecem formas de passado desde o início.
Pronomes e possessivos
Mude-os para acompanhar quem fala agora e de quem se fala:
"I left my bag in your car." → He said he had left his bag in my car.
Releia a frase pronta e confira se cada pronome aponta para a pessoa certa. É aqui que o discurso indireto mais desanda.
Tempo e lugar
Se você relata depois ou em outro lugar, as palavras também se movem:
“I’ll see you here tomorrow.” → She said she would see me there the next day.
Se você relata no mesmo dia e no mesmo lugar, pode deixá-las em paz. He said he would call tomorrow está bem se amanhã continua sendo amanhã.
Quando deixar o tempo em paz
- o verbo de relato está no presente: She says she is busy.
- o fato não deixou de ser verdade: He said the train leaves at six.
Deslocar de todo modo nunca é erro, então na dúvida desloque.
say, tell e os outros
Say não leva pessoa; tell exige uma. Fora esses dois, o verbo de relato pode carregar sentido próprio:
He admitted that… She explained that… They promised to… He refused to…
Escolher o certo diz mais em menos palavras do que said jamais dirá.
Todas as formas
| Direto | Indireto | Nota |
|---|---|---|
| present simple | past simple | work → worked |
| present continuous | past continuous | am working → was working |
| past simple | past perfect | worked → had worked |
| present perfect | past perfect | have worked → had worked |
| past perfect | sem mudança | had worked → had worked |
| will | would | will call → would call |
| can | could | can swim → could swim |
| may | might | may come → might come |
| must | had to | must go → had to go |
| would, could, should, might | sem mudança | já recuaram |
Exemplos
Tirados das 450 frases deste exercício. A resposta está destacada.
- I am the youngest. She said that she was the youngest at the time.
- He said, "I have seen that movie before." => He said that he had seen that movie by then.
- I must apologize to her. He said that he had to apologize to her that day.
- We are free. They said that they were free at the time.
- They asked, "Can you lend me your car?" => They asked if I could lend them my car at the time.
- He said, "I will come to the party." => He said that he would come to the party that day.
- I may need some help. He said that he might need some help that day.
- Mark is going to the party tonight. She said that Mark was going to the party that night.
- I cannot find the file. He said that he could not find the file at the time.
- I saw John yesterday. She said that she had seen John the day before.
- She sings very well. He said that she sang very well at the time.
- I love chocolate. He told me that he loved chocolate at the time.
Erros a evitar
Errado: He said that he will come. certo: He said that he would come.
Will vira would depois de um verbo de relato no passado.
Errado: I bake bread. He said that he bake bread. certo: He said that he baked bread.
O presente recua para o passado.
Errado: She said she saw him yesterday. certo: She said she had seen him the day before.
O passado recua para o past perfect, e yesterday vira the day before.