Грамматика английского › Conditionals
Третий тип
450 упражнений с пропусками, 45 тестов по десять
После if had плюс третья форма, в итоге would have плюс третья форма. Для того, чего не случилось.
Третья форма глагола — та, что стоит последней в таблицах: written, gone, built. Она никогда не меняется по подлежащему.
Потренируйтесь на этой форме
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Схема
Две перфектные формы, по одной с каждой стороны:
If they had caught the train, they wouldn’t have been late.
Обе половины описывают то, чего не было. Поезд они не застали и опоздали.
Для чего он на самом деле
Сожаление, упрёк и объяснение задним числом:
- If I had listened to you, this wouldn’t have happened. — сожаление
- If you had checked the figures, we would have spotted it. — упрёк
- If the alarm had worked, they would have woken up. — объяснение
could have и might have
Замените would have, чтобы смягчить утверждение:
- We could have caught it. — это было возможно
- She might have agreed. — может быть, и согласилась бы
Перестановка без if
В официальном письме if можно убрать, вынеся had вперёд:
If I had known… → Had I known…
Смысл тот же. Это встречается в письменном английском и в экзаменационных работах.
wish и if only
Оба берут ту же форму, что часть с if в третьем типе:
I wish I had said nothing. If only we had left earlier.
Все формы
| Часть с if | Главная часть | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| had + третья форма | would have + третья форма | If I had known, I would have called. |
| had + третья форма | could have, might have | If we had left earlier, we could have caught it. |
| hadn't + третья форма | wouldn't have + третья форма | If it hadn't rained, we wouldn't have stayed in. |
Примеры
Взяты из 450 предложений этого упражнения. Ответ выделен.
- If I had studied harder, I would have gotten a better grade.
- If the baker had come at five, the bread would have been warm.
- If she had studied, she would have passed the test.
- If they had studied harder, they would have passed the exam.
- If they had gone to Italy, they would have learned Italian.
- If he had won the lottery, he would have bought a new house.
- If he had followed the instructions, the shelf would have been straight.
- She would have avoided the traffic if she had left the house at seven.
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
- If we had printed a larger map, we wouldn't have missed the turning.
- If they had arrived on time, they wouldn't have missed the beginning.
- If they had caught the train, they wouldn't have been late.
Ошибки, которых стоит избегать
Неверно: If I would have known, I would have called. верно: If I had known, I would have called.
Часть с if берёт had, а не would have.
Неверно: If she had studied, she would passed. верно: If she had studied, she would have passed.
Итогу нужно would have плюс третья форма.
Неверно: If I had went there, I would have seen it. верно: If I had gone there, I would have seen it.
После had идёт третья форма. Went — вторая.