Грамматика английского › Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect: утвердительные предложения
490 упражнений с пропусками, 49 тестов по десять
Had для любого подлежащего, затем третья форма глагола.
Третья форма глагола — та, что стоит последней в таблицах: written, gone, built. Она никогда не меняется по подлежащему.
Потренируйтесь на этой форме
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Схема
Согласования нет вовсе — had одинаков для любого подлежащего:
I had gone. She had gone. They had gone.
Краткая форма — ’d: I’d, you’d, he’d, we’d, they’d. Учтите, что he’d — это и he had, и he would; какое именно, подсказывает форма после него. He’d gone — это had; he’d go — would.
already, just, never
Они садятся между had и третьей формой:
- The shop had already closed.
- He had just left when you rang.
- She had never flown before.
by the time, before, after
Самые частые рамки для этого времени:
- By the time we arrived, they had eaten.
- She had finished before the bell rang.
- After he had spoken, the room went quiet.
При after Past Perfect необязателен — слово уже задаёт порядок, — но ошибкой он не бывает.
В рассказе
Повествование в Past Simple может на мгновение шагнуть назад через Past Perfect и вернуться:
He opened the letter. It had been posted three weeks earlier. He read it twice and put it away.
Все формы
| Подлежащее | Полная форма | Краткая форма |
|---|---|---|
| I | I had finished | I'd finished |
| you | you had finished | you'd finished |
| he, she, it | he had finished | he'd finished |
| we | we had finished | we'd finished |
| they | they had finished | they'd finished |
Примеры
Взяты из 490 предложений этого упражнения. Ответ выделен.
- He had finished his work shift before going home.
- She had completed her work assignments before leaving the office.
- He had read the book before he watched the movie.
- Sarah had prepared her presentation before the meeting started.
- The children had eaten their cookies before they went to bed.
- The company had had its best financial year ever before the crisis hit.
- She had taken many photos before her camera stopped working.
- We had made a lot of progress before the project was canceled.
- We had heard the news before it was broadcast.
- They had known each other before they got married.
- She had visited a lot of places before she settled down.
- Emma had gone for a run before she felt a pain in her leg.
Ошибки, которых стоит избегать
Неверно: I'd saw it before. верно: I'd seen it before.
Saw — вторая форма; третья — seen.
Неверно: He had ate before we arrived. верно: He had eaten before we arrived.
Третья форма от eat — eaten.